Mari (Russia) in Russian Federation

Speakers

Type

Location

Mari (Russia) in Russian Federation

Country

Information available

1. Basics

Names

Mari (Russia) in Russian Federation

Size

Information 'Number of inhabitants' is presented about a single Mari language. 

2. Status

Status

  • Official country wide language
  • Official regional language
  • Official minority language
  • Recognised community language
  • Unrecognised community language
National language
No
Indigenous language
Yes

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

Digital
Yes

divider

Video

Digital
Yes

divider

Audio

Digital
No

divider

Documentation: descriptions

Digital
Yes

Standardization

Graphisation & script encoding

4. Users

Geographical distribution

  • Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
  • Users live in one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
  • Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live scattered all over the country
Administrative units of the country
Hill Mari : Republic of Mari El, Nizhny Novgorod Region
Comments
Meadow Mari :Republic of Mari El, Kirov Region, Udmurtian Republic

Size / Number of users

Number of users

274303
Source
All-Russia Population Census 2020
Year
2020
Comments

Information is presented about a single Mari language

Users within total population

0.18590
Less than 1% use the language

PROPORTION

0
Source
All-Russia Population Census 2020
Year
2020
Comments
Information is presented about a single Mari language

Users within the reference community

More than 50% use the language
Actual percentage
65
Source
The All-Russian Population Census 2020
Year
2020
Comments
Information is presented about a single Mari language

Age distribution of users

28,395
10
percentage of members of young generations (< 15)
Source

All-Russia Population Census 2020

Year
2020
Comments

Information is presented about a single Mari language

Age distribution of users

198,366
72
percentage of members of middle generations (15-65)
Source

All-Russia Population Census 2020

Year
2020
Comments

Information is presented about a single Mari language

Age distribution of users

47,542
17
percentage of members of older generations (> 65)
Source

All-Russia Population Census 2020

Year
2020
Comments

Information is presented about a single Mari language

Generational use

Reduced among young generations
Source

All-Russia Population Census 2020

Year
2020
Comments

Information is presented about a single Mari language

Educational attainment

45
55
4,439
Source

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

45
55
11,073
Source

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Occupational qualifications

Language competence

45
55

Literacy of users

45
55

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Economic dimension

Functional dimension

Nature
complementary
Nature
equal
Stability
Decreasing
Nature
equal
Stability
Decreasing

Functional use in administration

Ethnoculture

Formal Education

Early childhood education
Type of language use in education
  • Medium of instruction
  • Immersion teaching
  • Teaching subject
  • Occasionally used
  • Symbolically used
Primary level
Type of language use in education
  • Medium of instruction
  • Immersion teaching
  • Teaching subject
  • Occasionally used
  • Symbolically used
Lower secondary level
Type of language use in education
  • Medium of instruction
  • Immersion teaching
  • Teaching subject
  • Occasionally used
  • Symbolically used
Higher secondary level
Type of language use in education
  • Medium of instruction
  • Immersion teaching
  • Teaching subject
  • Occasionally used
  • Symbolically used
Tertiary level
Type of language use in education
  • Medium of instruction
  • Immersion teaching
  • Teaching subject
  • Occasionally used
  • Symbolically used

Public healthcare

Information, communication and cultural production

  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Comments
19 radio programs in Meadow Mari : Поро эр, Марий Эл - Good morning, Mari El, Кечывал радиоканал - Daytime radio channel, Вашкыл - Hotline, Ныжыл шочмо йылме - Gentle mother tongue, Шуматкече вашлиймаш - Saturday meetings, Куткыеш - Anthill, Ший онгыр - Silver bell, Кырык сирем, Чан - Bell, Поэзий толкынышто - On the wave of poetry, Психолог умылтара - Psychologist explains, Арнян вуршерже - Pulse of the week, Саман темла - The times call, Колан кече шыргыжеш - Who the sun smiles on, Шортньо фонд гыч - From the gold collection, Журналист шонкала - Journalist's notes, Ужар илем - Green meadow, Идалыкын палыже - Time of the year, Пытартыш увер - Latest news on the Radio Rossii station in the Republic of Mari El
1 radio program in Mari : Good brotherhood is the best wealth on the Radio Rossii station in the Republic of Tatarstan
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Comments
6 TV programs in Meadow Mari : Марий Эл Увер - News of Mari El, Марий тӱня - Mari world, Пошкудем - Neighbors, Шонанпыл - Rainbow, Тул Вий - The power of fire, Шӱмсем пӧлек - Heartfelt gift on the Russia-1 TV channel in the Republic of Mari El
1 TV program in Mari : Interregional TV magazine Finno-Ugric World on the Russia-1 TV channel in the Republic of Mordovia
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
Comments
Scientific publications in Mari
1. Sibatrova, S. S. Mari-Russian language contacts : morphology of the Mari language : 12+ / S. S. Sibatrova ; Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V. M. M. Vasiliev. - Russian, Mari/Russian, Mari - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V. M. Vasiliev, 2021 (Yoshkar-Ola : String). - 424 p. - 300 copies (300) Zak. 1259. Format: 60x84/16. In print: 21.06.2021. ISBN 978-5-94950-108-5 (in per.). UDC 811.511.151'366=161.1. BBK 81.663.2-21 + 81.411.2. [KN-P-21-056447] (04.08.2021) Сибатрова, С. С. Марийско-русские языковые контакты : морфология марийского языка : 12+ / С. С. Сибатрова ; Марийский научно-исследовательский институт языка, литературы и истории имени В. М. Васильева. — рус., марийс./рус., марийс. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийский НИИ языка, литературы и истории им. В. М. Васильева, 2021 (Йошкар-Ола : Стринг). — 424 с. — 300 экз. (300) Зак. 1259. Формат: 60x84/16. В печать: 21.06.2021. ISBN 978-5-94950-108-5 (в пер.). УДК 811.511.151'366=161.1. ББК 81.663.2-21 + 81.411.2. [КН-П-21-056447] (04.08.2021)
2. The terrible years will not be forgotten : a collection of contest materials published in the newspaper 'Kugarnya' dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945 / Ministry of Culture, Press and Nationalities of the Republic of Mari El, Newspaper 'Kugarnya', Mari National Congress ; [compiler I. N. Yambarsheva]. - Mari/Russian - Yoshkar-Ola : Gazeta "Kugarnya", 2021 (Yoshkar-Ola : Typography of the Government of the Republic of Mari El). - 136 p. - 200 ex. (200) Zak. 22419. Format: 60x84/16. In print: 11.06.2021. UDC 94(47+57)«1941/1945»(082). BBK 63.3(2)622. [KN-P-22-031370] (21.04.2022) Не забудутся страшные годы : сборник конкурсных материалов, опубликованных в газете «Кугарня», посвященных 75-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне, 1941—1945 / Министерство культуры, печати и по делам национальностей Республики Марий Эл, Газета «Кугарня», Марийский национальный конгресс ; [составитель И. Н. Ямбаршева]. — марийс./рус. — Йошкар-Ола : Газета "Кугарня", 2021 (Йошкар-Ола : Типография Правительства Республики Марий Эл). — 136 с. — 200 экз. (200) Зак. 22419. Формат: 60x84/16. В печать: 11.06.2021. УДК 94(47+57)«1941/1945»(082). ББК 63.3(2)622. [КН-П-22-031370] (21.04.2022)
3. II Ӱпымарий лудмаш (II Vasiliev Readings): Actual Problems of Modern Comparativism : materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation (Yoshkar-Ola, December 9-10, 2022) / compiled by M. T. Ipakova. - Mari/Russian - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V. M. Vasiliev, 2023 (Yoshkar-Ola : String). - 493 p. - 300 copies (300) Zak. 1261. Format: 60x84/16. Printed: 16.06.2023. ISBN 978-5-94950-120-7 (in per.). UDC 811.511.151(082). BBK 81.663.2ya43. [KN-P-23-052451] (15.08.2023) II Ӱпымарий лудмаш (II Васильевские чтения): актуальные проблемы современной компаративистики : материалы всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием (Йошкар-Ола, 9—10 декабря 2022 г.) / составитель М. Т. Ипакова. — марийс./рус. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийский НИИ языка, литературы и истории им. В. М. Васильева, 2023 (Йошкар-Ола: Стринг). — 493 с. — 300 экз. (300) Зак. 1261. Формат: 60x84/16. В печать: 16.06.2023. ISBN 978-5-94950-120-7 (в пер.). УДК 811.511.151(082). ББК 81.663.2я43. [КН-П-23-052451] (15.08.2023)
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
Comments
Literary and fiction publications in Mari
1. Solovyova, T. A. Autumn will not come before summer : poems, verses, songs : 12+ / Tatyana Solovyova ; [artist M. Y. Klyukina]. - Mari/Mari - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari book publishing house, 2023 (Kemerovo : Vector-Print, printing house). - 143 p. - 250 ex. (250) Zak. 402. Format: 70x100/32. In print: 26.04.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1356-3 (in per.). UDC 821.511.151-1. BBK 84(2=663.2)6-5. [KNP-23-050798] (08.08.2023) Соловьева, Т. А. Раньше лета не наступит осень : стихи, поэмы, песни : 12+ / Татьяна Соловьева ; [художник М. Ю. Клюкина]. — марийс./марийс. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийское книжное издательство, 2023 (Кемерово : Вектор-Принт, типография). — 143 с. — 250 экз. (250) Зак. 402. Формат: 70x100/32. В печать: 26.04.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1356-3 (в пер.). УДК 821.511.151-1. ББК 84(2=663.2)6-5. [КН-П-23-050798] (08.08.2023)
2. Yunusova, E. A. Family tall tales : humoresques : [12+] / Elena Yunusova ; [drawings by L. F. Lastochkina]. - Mari/Mari - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari book publishing house, 2023 (Saransk: Republican printing house "Krasny Oktyabr"). - 159 p. - (National Library : NB). - 300 ex. (300) Zak. 442. Format: 84x108/32. In print: 04.05.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1357-0 (in per.). UDC 821.511.151-7. BBK 84(2=663.2)6-44. [KN-P-23-051786] (11.08.2023) Юнусова, Е. А. Семейные небылицы : юморески : [12+] / Елена Юнусова ; [рисунки Л. Ф. Ласточкиной]. — марийс./марийс. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийское книжное издательство, 2023 (Саранск: Республиканская типография "Красный Октябрь"). — 159 с. — (Национальная библиотека : НБ). — 300 экз. (300) Зак. 442. Формат: 84x108/32. В печать: 04.05.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1357-0 (в пер.). УДК 821.511.151-7. ББК 84(2=663.2)6-44. [КН-П-23-051786] (11.08.2023)
3. Erviy : a collection of works by Mari writers : 6+ / compiled by S. D. Arkhipova. - Vol. 23. - Mari/Russian - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari book publishing house, 2023 (Yoshkar-Ola : String). - 191 p. - 300 ex. (300) Zak. 920. Format: 84x108/32. In print: 18.05.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1359-4 (in per.). UDC 821.511.151-8. BBK 84(2=663.2)6. [KN-P-23-053348] (18.08.2023) Эрвий : сборник произведений марийских литераторов : 6+ / составитель С. Д. Архипова. — Вып. 23. — марийс./рус. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийское книжное издательство, 2023 (Йошкар-Ола : Стринг). — 191 с. — 300 экз. (300) Зак. 920. Формат: 84x108/32. В печать: 18.05.2023. ISBN 978-5-7590-1359-4 (в пер.). УДК 821.511.151-8. ББК 84(2=663.2)6. [КН-П-23-053348] (18.08.2023)
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
Comments
Educational and methodological publications in Mari
1. Book for reading : textbook for 3rd grade / compilers L. A. Sergeeva [and others]. - Mari/Mari - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Institute of Education, 2022 (Yoshkar-Ola : String). - 223 p. - 1504 ex. (1504) Zak. 1035. Format: 70x90/16. In print: 10.06.2022. ISBN 978-5-4325-0191-2 (in per.). UDC 373.167.1:811.511.151 + 811.511.151(075.2). BBK 81.663.2ya71. [KN-P-23-045239] (12.07.2023) Книга для чтения : учебное пособие для 3-го класса / составители Л. А. Сергеева [и др.]. — марийс./марийс. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийский институт образования, 2022 (Йошкар-Ола : Стринг). — 223 с. — 1504 экз. (1504) Зак. 1035. Формат: 70x90/16. В печать: 10.06.2022. ISBN 978-5-4325-0191-2 (в пер.). УДК 373.167.1:811.511.151 + 811.511.151(075.2). ББК 81.663.2я71. [КН-П-23-045239] (12.07.2023)
2. Mari literature : textbook for 6th grade / compilers O. S. Mikryakova [and others]. - Mari/Mari - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Institute of Education, 2023 (Yoshkar-Ola : String). - 218 p. - 270 ex. (270) Zak. 1112. Format: 60x90/16. In print: 24.06.2022. ISBN 978-5-4325-0192-9 (in per.). UDC 373.167.1:821.511.151.09 + 821.511.151.09(075.3). BBK 83.3(2=663.2)y721. [KN-P-23-045240] (12.07.2023) Марийская литература : учебное пособие для 6-го класса / составители О. С. Микрякова [и др.]. — марийс./марийс. — Йошкар-Ола : Марийский институт образования, 2023 (Йошкар-Ола : Стринг). — 218 с. — 270 экз. (270) Зак. 1112. Формат: 60x90/16. В печать: 24.06.2022. ISBN 978-5-4325-0192-9 (в пер.). УДК 373.167.1:821.511.151.09 + 821.511.151.09(075.3). ББК 83.3(2=663.2)я721. [КН-П-23-045240] (12.07.2023)
3. Grandmother's fairy tales : Mari and Russian fairy tales : listening, discussing, performing tasks : complex demonstration material : for children, parents, teachers : 3-7 [years old] / Foundation for the Preservation and Study of Native Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation ; scientific supervisor of the project Khamrayeva E. A.; responsible editor Bakanova E. A. ; designer Savvushkina T. A. - Russian, Mari/ Russian, Mari - Moscow : Prosveshchenie-Soyuz, 2023 (Mozhaisk, Moscow region : Velkam Print (Welcome print)). - 64 p. - (Dialogue of Cultures) (FGOS DO) (Corresponds to FOP DO). - 100 copies. (100) Zak. 230715VPR. Format: 60x90/4. In print: 30.06.2023. ISBN 978-5-00185-343-5. UDC 373. [IZ-Y-23-000085] (09.08.2023) Бабушкины сказки : марийские и русские сказки : слушаем, обсуждаем, выполняем задания : комплексный демонстрационный материал : детям, родителям, педагогам : 3—7 [лет] / Фонд сохранения и изучения родных языков народов Российской Федерации ; научный руководитель проекта Хамраева Е. А. ; ответственный редактор Баканова Е. А. ; дизайнер Саввушкина Т. А. — рус., марийс./рус., марийс. — Москва : Просвещение-Союз, 2023 (Можайск, Московская область : Велкам Принт (Welcome print)). — 64 с. — (Диалог культур) (ФГОС ДО) (Соответствует ФОП ДО). — 100 экз. (100) Зак. 230715ВПР. Формат: 60x90/4. В печать: 30.06.2023. ISBN 978-5-00185-343-5. УДК 373. [ИЗ-E-23-000085] (09.08.2023)
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media
Comments
11 radio channels in Mari
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Specify
According to the data of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media
Comments
10 TV channels in Mari
1 TV program in Mari
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
Comments
The official Internet portal of the Republic of Mari El functions in the Mari language: https://mari-el.gov.ru/republic/mari/
The official Internet portal of the Ministry of Culture, Press and Ethnic Affairs of the Republic of Mari El functions in the Mari language: https://mincult12.ru/node/category/uver
Specify
According to the data of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Comments
Ethno TV section on the website of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Mari El (all thematic programs in Mari languages are published here) URL: https://www.gtrkmariel.ru/ethnos/;
Кырык сирем, Пошкудем on the multimedia platform Smotrim URL: https://smotrim.ru/mariel;
TV plays from the collections of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company 'Mari El' URL: https://www.gtrkmariel.ru/ethnos/from-the-collections-of-the-mari-tv/

Digital sphere

  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
According to the data of The Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation :
Ethno TV section on the website of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Mari El (all thematic programs in Mari languages are published here) URL: https://www.gtrkmariel.ru/ethnos/;
Кырык сирем, Пошкудем in Mari and Hill Mari on the multimedia platform Smotrim URL: https://smotrim.ru/mariel;
TV plays from the collections of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Mari El in Meadow Mari URL: https://www.gtrkmariel.ru/ethnos/from-the-collections-of-the-mari-tv/
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
According to the data of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media :
7 registered online media in Mari
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Online dictionaries:
Марийско-русский фразеологический словарь. Онлайн-словари FU-Lab: https://dict.fu-lab.ru/
https://github.com/kod-odin/lang-tasks/tree/main/dictionaries/Mari
Словарь синонимов марийского языка. Онлайн-словари FU-Lab: https://dict.fu-lab.ru/
https://github.com/kod-odin/lang-tasks/tree/main/dictionaries/Mari
Русско-марийский словарь неологизмов.Онлайн-словари FU-Lab:
https://dict.fu-lab.ru/
https://github.com/kod-odin/lang-tasks/tree/main/dictionaries/Mari
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Language corpora:
Mono corpus: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mari-lab/mari-monolingual-corpus
Mari-Russian parallel corpus: https://huggingface.co/datasets/AigizK/mari-russian-parallel-corpora
Audio corpus for speech recognition: https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/mhr
Audio corpus for speech synthesizer: https://mari-lab.ru/index.php/Mari-Lab
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Digital programs and apps:
Марийско- русский словарь: Google Play
Я здесь: Марий Эл: Google Play
Mari keyboard layout for Windows: https://mari-lab.ru/index.php/Mari-Lab
Сокровище нации. Мобильная игра для детей: https://сокровища-нации.рф/
GooglePlay: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.Naad08.TreasureOfNation
AppStore: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8/id6462195279
AppGallery: https://appgallery.huawei.com/#/app/C108992015
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Keyboard layout:
For Meadow Mari:
Яндекс.Клавиатура
Gboard (Android)
Microsoft SwiftKey
Марийская раскладка клавиатуры
https://mari-lab.ru/index.php/Марийская_раскладка_клавиатуры
For Hill Mari:
Gboard (Android)

Standard character sets to represent the graphical basis (alphabet) are available in Unicode.
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Яндекс.Переводчик: https://translate.yandex.ru/?source_lang=ru&target_lang=mhr
For Meadow Mari:
Google Переводчик
https://translate.google.ru/?sl=chm&tl=ru&op=translate

For Hill Mari:
Яндекс.Переводчик: https://translate.yandex.ru/?source_lang=ru&target_lang=mrj
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
For Meadow Mari:
Online Spell Checking Service: https://spell.mari-lab.ru/
For Hill Mari:
Online Spell Checking Service: https://webspell.fu-lab.ru/
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Electronic educational resources:
Электронные курсы по изучению марийского языка (E-courses for learning the Mari language): https://mari-lab.ru/index.php/Электронные_курсы
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Digital libraries:
Электрон книгагудо: https://vk.com/e_knigagudo
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
Comments
Source: Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs
Electronic catalogs, databases:
Электронные каталоги Национальной библиотеки им. С.Г. Чавайна: https://nbmariel.ru

Legal system

Language use in the legal system
  • General use
  • Legal transactions
  • Court proceedings
  • Written submissions
  • Spoken/signed testimonies
  • Language not used

Completion