Garo in India

Speakers

1,145,323

Type

Location

Garo in India

Country

Information available

1. Basics

Names

Garo in India

Size

1,145,323

2. Status

Status

  • Official country wide language
  • Official regional language
  • Official minority language
  • Recognised community language
  • Unrecognised community language
National language
No
Indigenous language
Yes
Comments
Garo is Meghalaya state’s Associate Official Language under the Meghalaya State Language Act (2005).

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
There are school textbooks, literary works, etc in Garo language. Some are listed below:
1. https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/GARO%20LANGUAGE%20TEXT%20BOOK%20-TENGSUA-%20CLASS-III.pdf
2. https://schoolbooksarchive.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/handle/20.500.12497/8497
3. https://schoolbooksarchive.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/handle/20.500.12497/8498
4. https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/garo-literature-indian-literature-in-tribal-languages-azh077/

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Video

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Learning Garo language videos, short movies, folksongs are available in Youtube.
1. Kenbegipa Jumang | Garo Scary Full Movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7nm_K0e6DA
2. student Garo flim: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muvN6xymnD8
3. Ma'ama: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G93_JM7p4WE
4. GARO INDIAN: https://www.youtube.com/@garoindian2915

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Audio

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
1. Songs in Garo: https://lai.ciil.org/browse/language?value=Garo
2. Learn Garo – Audio: https://www.languageshome.com/New/english-garo/

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Documentation: descriptions

  • Elaborated dictionaries, grammars, statistical language models, etc.
  • Dictionaries and grammars
  • Dictionary and grammar
  • Glossary and descriptions
  • Few descriptions
  • No descriptions
Digital
Yes
Comments
1. Dictionaries, grammars, ethnographic studies on Garo are listed here: https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/garo1247
2. Few more works are listed here: https://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Garo-Bibliography.html

Standardization

  • Modern standard language
  • Young standard language
  • Standardised language
  • Quasi-standard language
  • Semi-standardised language
  • Un-standardised language
Comments
Garo is taught at schools as language paper. And also there are Garo departments which has B.A., M.A., programs in colleges in Meghalaya. The Garo department in NEHU, Tura campus, organized an association called A?chik Mande Students Literary Forum in order to encourage original writings in Garo by the students of the Department. The Department continues in its research activities in the field of the Written and Oral Literature, Culture, Language and Dialects of Garo Hills in general and of the Garos in particular.

Graphisation & script encoding

  • Standardised writing system with full script encoding
  • Conventionalised writing system with partial script encoding
  • Consistent writing system with no script encoding
  • Unsystematic writing system(s)
  • Limited written use
  • No written use
Comments
Garo has no script but written with Bengali script and Latin script.

4. Users

Geographical distribution

  • Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
  • Users live in one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
  • Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live scattered all over the country

Settlements

  • Rural
  • Urban
Comments
Garo speakers live in 30 states in India where 1145323 of the total population who use GARO as their language as per census of India report 2011. Source: https://langlex.com/cens/LangProfile.php?lngname=GARO

Size / Number of users

Number of users

1145323
Source
Census of India
Year
2011

Users within total population

Users within the reference community

Age distribution of users

Generational use

Educational attainment

Lower secondary education
Higher secondary education
Tertiary education

Language competence

Literacy of users

Digital use

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Geographic scope
  • International
  • Supranational
  • Cross-border (states)
  • State-wide
  • Supra-regional cross-border
  • Supra-regional
  • Regional cross-border
  • Regional
  • Local
Source
Source: https://langlex.com/cens/LangProfile.php?lngname=GARO
Comments
Garo speakers live in 30 states in India where 1145323 of the total population who use GARO as their language as per census of India report 2011.

Economic dimension

Functional dimension

Functional use in administration

Types of language use

  • signed / spoken use
  • written use
  • digital use

Ethnoculture

  • No use
  • Informal learning
  • Skills and knowledge
  • Performing arts
  • Social practices
  • Customary law
  • Traditional medicine
  • Knowledge and practices
  • Traditions and expressions

Formal Education

Early childhood education
Primary level
Lower secondary level
Higher secondary level
Tertiary level

Public healthcare

  • Language not used
  • Translations
  • Healthcare information
  • Nursing care (incl. elderly)
  • Doctor-patient communication
  • Generally used

Information, communication and cultural production

  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used

Digital sphere

  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name
  • Language not used
  • Texting and messaging
  • Social media
  • Blogs, web pages, e-books
  • Edutainment products and services
  • Social media have a localized interface
  • Localized web search and e-commerce services
  • Localized operating systems
  • Machine translation
  • Top level domain name

Legal system

Completion