Birhor in India

Speakers

2,241

Type

Location

Birhor in India

Country

Information available

1. Basics

Names

Birhor in India

Size

2,241

2. Status

Status

  • Official country wide language
  • Official regional language
  • Official minority language
  • Recognised community language
  • Unrecognised community language
National language
No
Indigenous language
Yes
Administrative units of the country
Eastern India

3. State

Documentation: materials

Written

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Chakrawarti, Ravi Rahul 2018. Uttariya Chhattisgarh Rajya Me Birhor janjati Ki Shaikshanik Sthiti Ek Manavshastriya Adhyayan. School of Life Science. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University.

IDA ELLA SEEMA KERKETTA 2021. Dakshin chotanagpur pramandal me birhor aadim janjati ke samajik arthik ev sanskritkik jeewan shaile ki vartman dasha ev bhavish ki disha ek bhogolik adhiyan. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/simple-search?query=birhor&go=

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Video

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
Some cultural videos are available
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3u4Yw2nMEX4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c06cWdOFzM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jSyOMwjhMY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6FLq3CXs54

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Audio

  • Extended corpora
  • Annotated corpora
  • Corpus/corpora
  • Materials/corpus
  • Some materials
  • No materials
Digital
Yes
Comments
https://lai.ciil.org/browse/language?value=Birhor
https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/biy

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Documentation: descriptions

  • Elaborated dictionaries, grammars, statistical language models, etc.
  • Dictionaries and grammars
  • Dictionary and grammar
  • Glossary and descriptions
  • Few descriptions
  • No descriptions
Digital
Yes
Comments
Sen, B. K., and J. Sen. 1955. Notes on the Birhors. Man in India 35. 169-175.

Roy, Sarat Chandra. 1925. The Birhors: a little-known jungle tribe of Chota Nagpur. Ranchi: K.E.M.~Mission Press. vi+608pp.

Toshiki Osada. 1993. Field notes on Birhor. In Tsuyoshi Nara (ed.), A computer-assisted study of South-Asian languages, 30-41. Tokyo: ILCAA.

Adhikary, Ashim Kumar. 1984. Society and world view of the Birhor: a nomadic, hunting, and gathering community of Orissa. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India. x+99pp.

Sen, Jyoti. 1965. Ethnographic Notes on the Birhor. Bulletin of the Anthropological Society of India 14. 45-58.

L. P. Vidyarthi. 1960. The Birhor (the little nomadic tribe of India). In Wallace, Anthony F. C. (ed.), Men and cultures: selected papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Philadelphia, September 1-9, 1956, 519-525. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.

Jora, Bikram and Gregory D.S. Anderson. 2017. Spatial deixis, serialization and syntactic-semantic dependency mismatches in Birhor. Indian Linguistics 77. 69-79.

Standardization

  • Modern standard language
  • Young standard language
  • Standardised language
  • Quasi-standard language
  • Semi-standardised language
  • Un-standardised language

Graphisation & script encoding

  • Standardised writing system with full script encoding
  • Conventionalised writing system with partial script encoding
  • Consistent writing system with no script encoding
  • Unsystematic writing system(s)
  • Limited written use
  • No written use
Comments
Birhor is written with Devanagari script

4. Users

Geographical distribution

  • Users live and dominate in all regions of the country
  • Users live in one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in a cross-border region [state/...] of the country
  • Users live in separated [states/...] of the country
  • Users live dispersed across one [state/...] of the country
  • Users live scattered all over the country

Settlements

  • Rural
  • Urban
Administrative units of the country
Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar

Size / Number of users

Number of users

2241
Source
Census of India
Year
2011

Users within total population

Users within the reference community

Age distribution of users

Generational use

Educational attainment

Occupational qualifications

Language competence

Literacy of users

Digital use

5. Use

Socio-geographic dimension

Geographic scope
  • International
  • Supranational
  • Cross-border (states)
  • State-wide
  • Supra-regional cross-border
  • Supra-regional
  • Regional cross-border
  • Regional
  • Local
Source
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/biy/

Economic dimension

Functional dimension

Functional use in administration

Language use in administration
  • International level
  • National level
  • Regional level
  • Local level
  • Auxiliary use
  • No use

Types of language use

  • signed / spoken use
  • written use
  • digital use

Ethnoculture

  • No use
  • Informal learning
  • Skills and knowledge
  • Performing arts
  • Social practices
  • Customary law
  • Traditional medicine
  • Knowledge and practices
  • Traditions and expressions

Formal Education

Early childhood education
Primary level
Lower secondary level
Higher secondary level
Tertiary level

Public healthcare

Information, communication and cultural production

  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used
  • Information services
  • Broadcasting
  • Video, film
  • Sound/music recording
  • Publishing activities
  • Language not used

Legal system

Completion